Death in the Ice—The Mystery of the Franklin Expedition

The Canadian Museum of History decided to curate a comprehensive account of what is considered one of the greatest mysteries of the modern era. CMH developed partnerships with key stakeholders in the story and secured loans of significant artifacts, such as the last written note from the Expedition found in a stone cairn.

Early in the exhibition development, unexpectedly, and also fortuitously, Parks Canada found the wreck of HMS Erebus! Artifacts recovered from the wreck were to be in the show as well, extending the history into the 21st century.

The Challenge

The base of artifacts was great, but to really appreciate them, the visitor needed to know, and to feel, the story behind them and there was a lot of story—more than 200 years' worth.

To structure the narrative and hold visitor attention, the “chapters” of the story were presented in different settings, moving the visitor from the vast Arctic to Victorian London into cramped wooden ships, to forensic labs and underwater shipwrecks. Each zone of the exhibition was a different setting, immersing visitors in the tale. One could walk through the exhibition, barely read a word, and still get a basic feel for the story.

Project Vision

Like a movie has scene changes, the show had zone changes.

The team carefully controlled the transition from zone to zone, so the visitor didn’t see too much too soon. At the same time, there were opportunities to see into further zones, creating “foreshadowing” in the narrative. Without inclination to create exact replicas of environments, the team’s approach was suggestive and evocative. People are already very familiar from film and television with the settings being presented.

Design & Execution

They needed just enough visual cues so visitors could access the images in their imaginations inspired by popular culture. Large images were used to provide an immediate cue to time period as well, using oil paintings, daguerreotypes and illustrations for pre-20th century settings and color photographs for contemporary ones.

In a traditional exhibition, archival material, such as maps, historical illustrations and floorplans are often displayed framed on a wall to a dry effect. The team strove to open up these materials, using them as immersive tools to make human connections, such as creating a full-scale 3-D floorplan of the ship.

The 6200 sq. ft exhibition was presented at the Canadian of History from March through September 2018 and was well-received. Over 115,000 visitors experienced the Franklin story at the CMH, exceeding forecasted attendance by over 20 percent. In 2019, the exhibition received a RGD In-House Design Awards. Visitors expressed an emotional connection with the story, including the connection expressed in the following post:

“Wow… #DeathintheIce @CanMusHistory is a haunting and stunning archive of the hubris, horror, and enduring legacy of the #FranklinExpedition. Been awhile since a museum exhibition hit me like that.” (Twitter, 10/7/2018)